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ARTS & CULTURE

The Cost Of Widowhood In Igboland Is Very High

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The Cost Of Widowhood In Igbo Land | Fab.ng

In some parts of Igbo land, there used to be customs about how widows mourned their husbands. These practices, which could involve periods of seclusion, weren’t always easy for women. That is why many people would refer to it as “the cost of widowhood.”

In some places, like Nimbo in Enugu State, it could take a whole year after a king’s burial for his wife to start living normally again. In Anambra, widows might spend nearly two years secluded and even go without bathing for long periods.

Thankfully, things have changed in many areas thanks to the spread of Christianity. Now, it’s more common for widows to be shaved soon after their husband’s funeral and then get back to their lives after a period of mourning. The length of that time can vary depending on the local customs and traditions of the people.

It’s important to remember that these customs aren’t practised everywhere in Igbo land, and even where they are, they may have changed over time. Today, the focus is on supporting widows through their grief and helping them reintegrate into their communities.

Let’s take a look at the following Eastern states and what “the cost of widowhood” is like in these places:

Anambra

In some communities in Anambra, to ease tensions over widowhood practices, certain measures have been adopted. For instance, in communities where a man leaves multiple wives, rather than the late man’s brothers scrambling for them, each male child of their mothers gives a cock to his own mother to act as “her husband” until death. This has reduced tensions over the late brother’s wives.

However, a contentious issue persists between the church and the community regarding the dust-to-dust burial rite. In the Catholic Diocese of Awka, objections arise when women are required to pour sand into the graves of their husbands, as per church tradition.

The community fears that this act may bind the widow to the late husband, potentially leading to consequences for any man involved with the widow. Despite interventions, the disagreement persists.

Widowhood in Igboland - Five Things You Need To Know - AnaedoOnline

The Catholic Church insists that the dust-to-dust ritual is optional and not forced on anyone, only for Catholic adherents who request it. The community contends that the church is violating local customs, and the church argues for its right to perform the rite at the request of its members.

In Onitsha and neighbouring communities, widowhood practices for Christians and non-Christians have similarities. The mandatory mourning period, wake-keeping, and lying-in-state have been reduced or abolished in some places to minimise contact with the deceased’s remains, curb disease spread, and ease the hardships faced by survivors.

Cases of maltreatment of widows, including denial of rights, physical assault, and property seizure, persist in some areas of this state. These issues are typically resolved through the intervention of family unions, kindred, village councils, or town unions.

Prevention of widows from participating in burial ceremonies

In some places, if a wife and husband weren’t living together due to big fights, divorce, or other bad things before the husband died, she might not be allowed at his funeral ceremony.

This can also happen if the wife is blamed for doing something terrible and needs to go through special rituals before joining the ceremony.

Oath-taking and covenant

In some communities, if a woman is accused of wrongdoing, especially related to her husband’s death, she might be asked to perform rituals or take oaths to prove her innocence.

For Christian women, this might involve swearing to the Bible. For others, it could involve drinking water used to bathe the corpse or even touching the body directly.

These practices are based on the belief that if a woman is truly guilty, she will suffer misfortune or even die within a certain time. If she remains unharmed, she’s considered innocent, and those who accused her might face consequences.

It’s important to remember that these traditions are complex and vary greatly within different communities. This is just a simplified explanation, and it’s important to respect different cultural beliefs and practices, even if they seem unfamiliar.

Also, it’s crucial to note that these practices can be harmful and exploitative, especially when they involve coercion, pressure, or potential health risks. It’s important to promote understanding and respect while also advocating for the protection of individuals from harmful traditional practices.

Abia

Life for widows in Abia can be tough. Though the mourning period has shortened to 3-6 months in most communities, accessing their husband’s property remains a big issue. Many are pushed out of their homes or denied inheritance.

Churches like the Anglican Communion, through Bishop Nwosu, strongly condemn this maltreatment and offer support through housing, prayers, and even business grants for vulnerable widows.

For this, men are advised to choose legal marriages, where Wills protect inheritance rights. However, Abia currently lacks a specific law protecting widows.

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Young widow shares the 'inhumane' treatment she was subjected to after losing her husband at 23 [VIDEO] - BarristerNG.com

Enugu

In Enugu, mourning traditions for widows vary greatly across communities. Some practices have softened over time, reflecting changing beliefs and the influence of Christianity.

In Imufu Community, men and women mourn for only one month, thanks to the progressive leadership of a former chief who challenged the longer periods common elsewhere.

Ezeagu Local Government Area is where widows of prestigious “Ozo” title holders face stricter customs. They’re confined to secret rooms for two weeks, served by female virgins, and undergo cleansing rituals before rejoining the community.

In the Nimbo Community, it is a unique case. Nimbo buries its kings after seven years, leading to extended mourning periods for their widows, who remain secluded for eight years.

While some areas like Nimbo hold firmly to tradition, Christianity has brought changes in others. Black mourning attire has shifted to white in many communities, and mourning periods have shortened. In Olo, even the “Ozo” tradition has adapted to Christian values.

Some communities are addressing the exploitation of widows. Town Unions work to uphold social justice, protecting widows from property grabs based on outdated customs.

While progress is evident, challenges remain. Widows in Ibagwa Ani are still pressured to marry relatives of their deceased husbands, and Lejja sees mourning periods ranging from six months to a year.

The story of widows in Enugu highlights the complex interplay of tradition, religion, and evolving social values. While harmful practices persist in some areas, others demonstrate a commendable willingness to adapt and prioritize the well-being of widows.

Imo

The widowhood practice in the southeastern part of Nigeria, particularly in Imo State, is still prevalent and has become more sophisticated and severe over time. The tradition originated from historical practices and was often imposed on women suspected of causing their husband’s death. It served as a severe punishment for women perceived as irresponsible, wayward, or disrespectful to their husbands, families, or community traditions.

In some cases, even if a man had a harmonious relationship with his wife, people might still claim that the woman used diabolical means to control her late husband, adding a bizarre aspect to the practice. The belief is that no man is considered to have died a natural death; some factors are always linked to his demise.

The absence of a written constitution specifying the rules and limits of the practice results in variations across communities in Imo State.

Common practices include forcing widows to bathe with floodwater, water from traditional receptacles, or any available dirty water. This is done to symbolize the devaluation of the woman’s pride, represented by her late husband. Married and single women are typically responsible for carrying out this ritual.

Widows are also subjected to eating restrictions, using disused or disfigured plastic plates considered suitable for feeding dogs. They are prohibited from eating with others, and their cutlery differs from those used by everyone else. These practices contribute to the complexity and harshness of the widowhood tradition in the region.

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ARTS & CULTURE

Does Anklet Really Signify Promiscuity?

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Does Anklet Meanings Include Promiscuity? | fab.ng

What is an anklet?

An anklet is a versatile piece of jewellery that women typically wear around their ankles. Crafted from materials like chains, beads, or a mix of both, anklet meanings vary across cultures and styles.

Many fashionable women choose anklets to make a bold style statement, embracing their elegance and charm.

In Nigeria, people often call this accessory a “leg chain” or “ankle chain,” reflecting its cultural relevance. In pop culture, it’s popularly known as an “ankle bracelet.”

Anklets here focus more on fashion than symbolism, though interpretations can differ. With various styles and intricate designs available, anklets offer countless aesthetic options, allowing women to showcase their personal flair.

Ultimately, anklet meanings can be deeply personal, influenced by tradition, culture, or simply individual taste.

Cultural and Historical Significance

Throughout history, anklets have held different meanings across various cultures. While some view them as mere adornments, others have associated them with deeper, sometimes controversial, connotations.

In some societies, ancient and modern, anklets symbolise promiscuity.

Early Usage in Ancient Civilisations

Egypt is often credited as the birthplace of anklets, but India played a significant role in their widespread acceptance. In India, anklets were part of traditional attire, known as pattilu, payal, or nupu.

These terms also include Paujinupur and padapadma. Early Indian literature, such as the first-century epic Silappatikaram, mentions anklets, highlighting their cultural importance.

Rajasthani women were known for their elaborate anklet designs, reflecting regional traditions.

Among the Odisha people, gold anklets were once reserved for warriors, while brides included them as part of their wedding regalia.

Married women often wore anklets to signify their marital status, and dancers used those with dangling bells to enhance their performances.

Similarly, in ancient Egypt, anklets indicated social status. Wealthy women wore gold anklets, while silver or leather versions were common among slaves and the poor.

These accessories, known as menefret or kholkai, reflected one’s place in the social hierarchy. Interestingly, some accounts suggest that anklets were linked to temple worshippers and even prostitutes, though these claims remain largely unverified.

Modern Evolution and Symbolism

Over time, the meaning of anklets has evolved significantly. In the 1970s, during America’s “sexual revolution,” anklets became symbols of female empowerment and liberation.

This era emphasised women’s freedom to express themselves, including their sexuality. Consequently, anklets began to carry connotations of promiscuity, especially within the “hotwife” culture.

The “Hotwife” Phenomenon

A “hotwife” refers to a married woman who engages in consensual extramarital relationships with her husband’s approval. Various anklet symbols reflect this dynamic:

  1. Two male symbols and one female symbol: Indicate openness to relationships with men of any race.
  2. Queen of spades: Represents a preference for Black men.
  3. Heart symbol: Suggests a happy marriage that includes mutually beneficial intimate relationships outside the primary partnership.
  4. The key to happiness: Denotes a marriage where the husband’s extramarital activities are contingent on his wife’s consent.

Anklets in Contemporary Nigerian Fashion

Today, many Nigerian women wear anklets purely for their aesthetic appeal, often unaware of the historical or cultural associations. For them, anklets are fashion accessories, not symbols of promiscuity or class distinction.

Despite lingering societal judgments, especially within conservative African contexts, it’s essential to recognize that fashion choices are personal.

Women should not face harsh criticism for wearing anklets, as these judgments stem from outdated or culturally irrelevant perspectives.

In conclusion…

Anklets are versatile fashion pieces that have transcended their historical roots. While some cultural connotations persist, modern women wear anklets to express their style and individuality.

It is crucial to separate fashion from judgement and allow women the freedom to make their own choices about their bodies and accessories.

Let’s appreciate anklets for what they are today: beautiful, empowering symbols of self-expression.

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AFRICAN

The Only 4 African Countries That Have Won Miss Universe Title

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African Countries That Have Won Miss Universe Title | fab.ng

While many African countries have sent representatives to the pageant, only a few have managed to clinch the coveted Miss Universe crown.

The Miss Universe pageant is one of the most prestigious beauty pageants worldwide. It has been a stage for countless beautiful women to showcase their elegance, intelligence, and talent.

1. South Africa

South Africa is the African country with the most Miss Universe wins. This stunning nation has produced four Miss Universe winners:

  • Margaret Gardiner (1978)
  • Demi-Leigh Nel-Peters (2017)
  • Zozibini Tunzi (2019)
  • Andrea Meza (2020)

These South African beauties have not only captivated the world with their beauty but have also used their platforms to advocate for important social causes.

2. Namibia

Namibia, a small country in Southern Africa, has also made its mark on the Miss Universe stage.

  • Michelle McLean won the Miss Universe title in 1992.

This stunning Namibian beauty brought pride to her nation and continues to be an inspiration to many.

3. Angola

Angola, a country rich in culture and natural beauty, has also produced a Miss Universe winner.

  • Leila Lopes was crowned Miss Universe in 2011.

Her win marked a significant moment for Angola and showcased the beauty and talent of African women.

4. Botswana

Botswana, a landlocked country in Southern Africa, may be small, but it has produced one of the most iconic Miss Universe winners.

  • Ntsepa Motsepe won the Miss Universe title in 1999.

Her win was a surprise to many, but it solidified Botswana’s place in the pageant world.

These four African countries – South Africa, Namibia, Angola, and Botswana – have proven that African beauty is truly global.

They have inspired countless young women across the continent and beyond to dream big and pursue their passions.

As the Miss Universe pageant continues to evolve, we can only hope to see more African countries adding their names to this prestigious list.

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ARTS & CULTURE

6 Best Art Galleries To Visit In Lagos

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Best Art Galleries In Lagos | fab.ng

Lagos, a vibrant cultural hub, offers a rich art scene filled with inspiring galleries. Whether you’re a seasoned art lover or a curious traveller, exploring the best art galleries in Lagos promises a journey through contemporary African creativity and history.

1. Nike Art Gallery

Nike Art Gallery stands out as one of the best art galleries in Lagos. Located in Lekki, this gallery is a sprawling four-story building housing over 8,000 artworks.

Founded by Nike Davies-Okundaye, it celebrates Nigerian heritage through traditional and modern art. You’ll find sculptures, paintings, textiles, and beadwork, showcasing talents from across Nigeria.

It’s not just an art gallery; it’s an immersive cultural experience where visitors can participate in workshops and meet artists.

2. Rele Gallery

Rele Gallery, situated in Ikoyi, is renowned for promoting contemporary African art on a global scale. As one of the best art galleries in Lagos, it features innovative exhibitions that challenge artistic boundaries.

Rele focuses on emerging and established artists, bridging the gap between local talent and international recognition. Their commitment to fostering new artists has made it a pivotal platform for modern African expression.

3. Terra Kulture

Terra Kulture, located in Victoria Island, is more than just an art gallery. It’s a cultural centre that hosts exhibitions, theatre performances, and art classes.

Known for promoting Nigerian culture, Terra Kulture regularly features works from leading and upcoming artists. Visitors can enjoy a variety of art forms, from paintings to sculptures.

Its dynamic atmosphere and diverse events make it one of the best art galleries in Lagos.

4. Omenka Gallery

Omenka Gallery in Ikoyi is a must-visit for art collectors. Founded by Oliver Enwonwu, the son of renowned artist Ben Enwonwu, the gallery focuses on contemporary and modern African art.

Its exhibitions often feature works from top Nigerian and international artists, contributing to its reputation as one of the best art galleries in Lagos. Omenka also engages in global art fairs, enhancing the presence of African art on the world stage.

5. Art Twenty One

Art Twenty One, located at the Eko Hotel in Victoria Island, offers a sleek, modern space dedicated to contemporary art.

The gallery showcases cutting-edge works from Nigerian and African artists, fostering a dialogue between local and global art scenes. Its exhibitions often push artistic boundaries, making it a favourite among art enthusiasts.

As one of the best art galleries in Lagos, Art Twenty One highlights the evolving landscape of African art through thoughtfully curated shows.

6. Kó Art Space

Kó Art Space is a dynamic creative hub that combines art, community, and education. The space hosts a variety of exhibitions, workshops, and events, offering a platform for emerging artists and cultural practitioners.

Kó Art Space is committed to fostering a vibrant and inclusive art scene in Lagos. The gallery’s innovative programming and commitment to community engagement make it a unique and exciting destination for art lovers.

By visiting these five art galleries, you can experience the vibrant and diverse art scene in Lagos. Whether you’re interested in traditional African art or contemporary works, you’re sure to find something to inspire and amaze you.

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