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ARTS & CULTURE

Kanuri: Bornu Most Dominant Culture

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Although legend claims that Bornu most dominant culture- Kanuri can be traced to Yemen, but little is actually known of the earliest phases of the Kanuri culture.

What is the Origin of the  Kanuri People?

Modern-day Kanuri are the descendants of the Saifawa Dynasty of the Kanem Empire. As a result of civil war, rebellion and outright invasion by the Bulala, the Kanuri people people were forced out of Kanem in the fourteenth century and after nearly ten decades of bitter conflict, the Kanuri established a new empire southwest of Lake Chad.

Currently, the majority of the Kanuri live in the Borno province of North Eastern Nigeria, where they are the dominant group. This empire was and is known as Bornu. They are also located in the countries of Niger, Chad, and Cameroon.

Moreover, the region to which the Saifawa moved was inhabited by various peoples about whom very little can be said. Today they are known collectively as the Sau- reputedly a race of giants.

What is the Kanuri culture of like?

The Kanuri people can be said without doubt to be the most respected people in the Northern part of Nigeria. They value well their culture. Kanuri women are distinctively superb when it comes to caring. Their hairstyle and tattoo which is known as lalle in hausa language can only be described as “Epic.”

Chiefly, a Kanuri man prides himself high; and this makes him despised by other Northerners. They rarely beg. From the sweat their brows they source their bread.

In addition, the Kanuri dance steps are gracious and wonderful. They resemble the magnificent colours of their attire.

kanuri women

kanuri women (tripdownmemorylane.com)

What is the religious life of the kanuri people?

The Kanuri became Muslims in the 11th century when Kanem became a centre of Muslim learning. They have remained so till date. Identically, they are Sunni Muslims.

What is the language of the Kanuri people?

The kanuri people speak the Kanuri language. The language consists of two main dialects namely:

  • Manga Kanuri
  • Yerwa Kanuri (it is also known as beri beri)

Kanuri is a dialect spoken by some four million people as of 1987; in Nigeria, Niger, Chad and Cameroon as well as small minorities in southern Libya and by a diaspora in Sudan. The language belongs to the Western Saharan subphylum of Nilo-Saharan. Kanuri is the language associated with the Kanem and Bornu empires which dominated the Lake Chad region for a thousand years. This article mentions your favorite at super low prices. Choose from same-day delivery, drive-up delivery or order pickup.

 

kanuri men

kanuri men (tripdownmemorylane.com)

Also, the basic word order of Kanuri sentences is subject-object-verb. It is typologically unusual in simultaneously having postposition and post-nominal modifiers – for example, “Bintu’s pot” would be expressed as nje Bintu-be, “pot Bintu-of”.

Kanuri has three tones: high, low, and falling. It has an extensive system of consonant weakening (for example, sa- “they” + -buma “have eaten” → za-wuna “they have eaten”

What is Kanuri marriage like?

The Kanuri traditional marriage rites are very simple and in accordance with Islamic injunctions to express ‘love’ between the couple. Reverence for the ‘waliyyi’, the giver, who could be her father or guardian is expressed. Observance of ‘sadau’, which is the dowry; ‘sigga’, the act of asking and acceptance between the family of the bride and groom; and their witnesses.

And, the minimum dowry in Kanuri marriage is a quarter of a dinar. So if a dinar costs N10,000 , the dowry will be about N2,500, which could be said to be cheap.

Furthermore, when the Kanuri groom’s family comes with gifts to the bride-to-be, they come along too with many items for the bride’s mother, aunt(s), uncle(s), sister(s), grandfather(s) and mother(s).

kanuri bride

kanuri bride (360nobs.com)

In addition, when the Kanuri bride is leaving for her husband’s house, things like the foam from the water used to wash her hair; the ‘kaulu’, which is used in washing of the hand and feet with palm oil and milk, will all be paid for by the groom’s friends.

Important to realize, all these aims at showing the value and love for the bride.

Kanuri Food

The main food for the Kanuri people are millet in soups or rice, and corn. Kanuri people do a little hunting for the purpose of what hunting done- meat. They herd cattle for beef. Kanuri people  also harvest leaves and fruit to eat.

History is a beautiful thing, and so also are the Kanuri people. They are also regal as well. But how can this be otherwise when their ancestors were kings and queens?

Indeed, the simplicity and unique lifestyle of the  Kanuri people is a sophisticated one. It shows to the world how advanced they are inwardly. Give admiration to a Kanuri however life present him/her to you; for in truth, they are sons and daughters of royalty.

source: pulse.ng

ARTS & CULTURE

Ijele Masquerade: The “King Of Masquerades” In Igbo Land

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Ijele Masquerade: The Strongest Masquerade in Igbo Land | fab.ng

The Ijele Masquerade, often referred to as the “King of Masquerades,” holds a revered position in Igbo culture. It is not only the largest masquerade in Africa but also a symbol of unity, spirituality, and cultural identity among the Igbo people.

Its towering presence, vibrant artistry, and profound symbolism make it a centrepiece of Igbo traditions.

The Ijele Masquerade originated in southeastern Nigeria, particularly in Anambra and Enugu states. Oral traditions trace their roots to the Akwunechenyi dance group in Umueri.

It began as a celebratory and protective figure, initially created to intimidate invaders and celebrate royalty. Over time, it evolved into a cultural icon representing greatness and the Igbo people’s connection to their ancestors.

Standing between 12 and 15 feet tall, the Ijele Masquerade is a marvel of craftsmanship. It is constructed from bamboo, colourful fabrics, and intricate carvings.

Its structure is divided into two segments: the upper (Mkpu Ijele) and the lower part (Akpakwuru Ijele), separated by a symbolic python figure, Eke-Ogba.

This design signifies the balance between the spiritual and earthly realms. The preparation of the masquerade requires extensive collaboration, with over 100 men working for six months to complete its elaborate design.

Cultural and Spiritual Significance of Ijele Masquerade

The Ijele Masquerade embodies the collective spirit of the Igbo community. It is a representation of the ancestors’ guidance, protection, and blessings.

Traditionally performed during festivals, burials, and special ceremonies, the Ijele is believed to have spiritual powers, such as warding off evil spirits, promoting fertility, and bringing healing.

Its performance is both a spectacle of entertainment and a deeply spiritual ritual that connects the living to their heritage.

The Ijele Masquerade is a highlight of Igbo cultural festivals, often serving as the grand finale. Accompanied by music, drumming, and traditional dances, its performance captivates audiences with its grandeur and artistry.

These events also serve as a platform for preserving and promoting Igbo heritage, attracting tourists, and generating economic benefits for the community.

Challenges Facing Ijele Masquerade

Despite its cultural significance, the Ijele Masquerade faces challenges in the modern era. Urbanisation, globalisation, and declining interest among younger generations threaten its preservation.

The elaborate nature of its preparation also requires significant funding and resources, which are often scarce. Additionally, cultural appropriation by outsiders risks diluting its authenticity and significance.

Efforts to preserve the Ijele Masquerade have gained international recognition. In 2009, UNESCO listed it as an intangible cultural heritage in need of safeguarding.

This recognition highlights the importance of supporting local communities to maintain their traditions. Advocacy for funding, education, and tourism initiatives is vital to ensuring the continuity of this cultural treasure.

A Symbol of Igbo Identity

The Ijele Masquerade remains a powerful symbol of Igbo identity and resilience. It is a testament to the creativity, spirituality, and unity of the Igbo people.

As it continues to inspire pride and admiration, the Ijele Masquerade underscores the importance of preserving cultural heritage in a rapidly changing world.

By supporting initiatives that promote Ijele, individuals and organisations can help sustain this remarkable tradition for future generations.

Its legacy is not only a source of pride for the Igbo people but also a significant contribution to the global appreciation of cultural diversity.

For further details about the Ijele Masquerade, see sources like UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural Heritage listing and articles exploring its cultural significance.

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ARTS & CULTURE

Does Anklet Really Signify Promiscuity?

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Does Anklet Meanings Include Promiscuity? | fab.ng

What is an anklet?

An anklet is a versatile piece of jewellery that women typically wear around their ankles. Crafted from materials like chains, beads, or a mix of both, anklet meanings vary across cultures and styles.

Many fashionable women choose anklets to make a bold style statement, embracing their elegance and charm.

In Nigeria, people often call this accessory a “leg chain” or “ankle chain,” reflecting its cultural relevance. In pop culture, it’s popularly known as an “ankle bracelet.”

Anklets here focus more on fashion than symbolism, though interpretations can differ. With various styles and intricate designs available, anklets offer countless aesthetic options, allowing women to showcase their personal flair.

Ultimately, anklet meanings can be deeply personal, influenced by tradition, culture, or simply individual taste.

Cultural and Historical Significance

Throughout history, anklets have held different meanings across various cultures. While some view them as mere adornments, others have associated them with deeper, sometimes controversial, connotations.

In some societies, ancient and modern, anklets symbolise promiscuity.

Early Usage in Ancient Civilisations

Egypt is often credited as the birthplace of anklets, but India played a significant role in their widespread acceptance. In India, anklets were part of traditional attire, known as pattilu, payal, or nupu.

These terms also include Paujinupur and padapadma. Early Indian literature, such as the first-century epic Silappatikaram, mentions anklets, highlighting their cultural importance.

Rajasthani women were known for their elaborate anklet designs, reflecting regional traditions.

Among the Odisha people, gold anklets were once reserved for warriors, while brides included them as part of their wedding regalia.

Married women often wore anklets to signify their marital status, and dancers used those with dangling bells to enhance their performances.

Similarly, in ancient Egypt, anklets indicated social status. Wealthy women wore gold anklets, while silver or leather versions were common among slaves and the poor.

These accessories, known as menefret or kholkai, reflected one’s place in the social hierarchy. Interestingly, some accounts suggest that anklets were linked to temple worshippers and even prostitutes, though these claims remain largely unverified.

Modern Evolution and Symbolism

Over time, the meaning of anklets has evolved significantly. In the 1970s, during America’s “sexual revolution,” anklets became symbols of female empowerment and liberation.

This era emphasised women’s freedom to express themselves, including their sexuality. Consequently, anklets began to carry connotations of promiscuity, especially within the “hotwife” culture.

The “Hotwife” Phenomenon

A “hotwife” refers to a married woman who engages in consensual extramarital relationships with her husband’s approval. Various anklet symbols reflect this dynamic:

  1. Two male symbols and one female symbol: Indicate openness to relationships with men of any race.
  2. Queen of spades: Represents a preference for Black men.
  3. Heart symbol: Suggests a happy marriage that includes mutually beneficial intimate relationships outside the primary partnership.
  4. The key to happiness: Denotes a marriage where the husband’s extramarital activities are contingent on his wife’s consent.

Anklets in Contemporary Nigerian Fashion

Today, many Nigerian women wear anklets purely for their aesthetic appeal, often unaware of the historical or cultural associations. For them, anklets are fashion accessories, not symbols of promiscuity or class distinction.

Despite lingering societal judgments, especially within conservative African contexts, it’s essential to recognize that fashion choices are personal.

Women should not face harsh criticism for wearing anklets, as these judgments stem from outdated or culturally irrelevant perspectives.

In conclusion…

Anklets are versatile fashion pieces that have transcended their historical roots. While some cultural connotations persist, modern women wear anklets to express their style and individuality.

It is crucial to separate fashion from judgement and allow women the freedom to make their own choices about their bodies and accessories.

Let’s appreciate anklets for what they are today: beautiful, empowering symbols of self-expression.

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AFRICAN

The Only 4 African Countries That Have Won Miss Universe Title

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African Countries That Have Won Miss Universe Title | fab.ng

While many African countries have sent representatives to the pageant, only a few have managed to clinch the coveted Miss Universe crown.

The Miss Universe pageant is one of the most prestigious beauty pageants worldwide. It has been a stage for countless beautiful women to showcase their elegance, intelligence, and talent.

1. South Africa

South Africa is the African country with the most Miss Universe wins. This stunning nation has produced four Miss Universe winners:

  • Margaret Gardiner (1978)
  • Demi-Leigh Nel-Peters (2017)
  • Zozibini Tunzi (2019)
  • Andrea Meza (2020)

These South African beauties have not only captivated the world with their beauty but have also used their platforms to advocate for important social causes.

2. Namibia

Namibia, a small country in Southern Africa, has also made its mark on the Miss Universe stage.

  • Michelle McLean won the Miss Universe title in 1992.

This stunning Namibian beauty brought pride to her nation and continues to be an inspiration to many.

3. Angola

Angola, a country rich in culture and natural beauty, has also produced a Miss Universe winner.

  • Leila Lopes was crowned Miss Universe in 2011.

Her win marked a significant moment for Angola and showcased the beauty and talent of African women.

4. Botswana

Botswana, a landlocked country in Southern Africa, may be small, but it has produced one of the most iconic Miss Universe winners.

  • Ntsepa Motsepe won the Miss Universe title in 1999.

Her win was a surprise to many, but it solidified Botswana’s place in the pageant world.

These four African countries – South Africa, Namibia, Angola, and Botswana – have proven that African beauty is truly global.

They have inspired countless young women across the continent and beyond to dream big and pursue their passions.

As the Miss Universe pageant continues to evolve, we can only hope to see more African countries adding their names to this prestigious list.

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