ARTS & CULTURE
5 Countries That Still Practice Female Genital Mutilation
Published
10 months agoon
Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) is a harmful traditional practice carried out in over 30 African countries, as well as some countries in Asia and the Middle East. Sadly, it’s often seen as a necessary part of raising a girl and preparing her for adulthood and marriage. The misconception is that FGM prevents promiscuity and ensures “virginity.”
Let’s look at some of the countries where FGM is prevalent:
1. Indonesia
Here, over 90% of Muslim women have undergone FGM, impacting a staggering 70 million women and girls. This number represents a disturbing 35% of the global burden of FGM. Despite the practice’s prevalence, no laws explicitly ban it in Indonesia or other Asian countries.
2. Saudi Arabia
Although FGM is considered illegal worldwide, Saudi Arabia lacks clear legislation against it. FGM is still practised in some areas, like Jeddah and Hali. A concerning statistic reveals that 18.2% of women in Saudi Arabia—nearly one in five—have undergone FGM/C.
3. Yemen
A study in Yemeni coastal areas found an alarming prevalence of FGM—89% among women and nearly 80% among young girls in surveyed families. Shockingly, two-thirds of women and half of men in these areas have little understanding of the harmful effects of FGM.
4. Somalia
With the highest number of FGM cases globally, Somalia paints a grim picture. A staggering 98% of girls between 5 and 11 years old have undergone Type III infibulation. This is the most severe form of FGM. UNICEF estimates that at least 200 million girls across 31 countries have been subjected to FGM. It highlights the devastating global impact of this practice.
5. Egypt
Unfortunately, Egypt leads the world in the number of women and girls who have gone through female genital mutilation or cutting (FGM/C). This practice, widely considered harmful, has impacted a staggering 87.2% of women in Egypt between the ages of 15 and 49.
This alarming statistic becomes even more impactful when considering Egypt’s large population of nearly 95 million people. The sheer number of women affected underscores the urgency of addressing this deeply concerning traditional practice.
Female genital mutilations in Africa
Even though FGM is outlawed in some of these countries, the practice continues. In many others, there are either no laws against it or the laws are weak and not enforced. Here’s a list of African countries where FGM is still practised:
- Benin
- Burkina Faso
- Cameroon
- Central African Republic
- Chad, Cote d’Ivoire
- Djibouti, Eritrea
- Ethiopia
- Gambia
- Ghana
- Guinea
- Guinea-Bissau
- Kenya
- Liberia
- Mali
- Mauritania
- Niger
- Nigeria
- Senegal
- Sierra Leone
- Somalia
- Sudan
- Tanzania
- Togo
- Uganda
FGM is a horrific practice with no health benefits for girls or women. It can cause a range of serious medical problems. These include:
- Severe bleeding
- Difficulty urinating
- Cysts
- Infections
- Complications during childbirth
- An increased risk of death for newborns.
Also, this is why so many organisations are working hard to raise awareness about the dangers of FGM and end this harmful tradition for good.
Read more articles here.
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ARTS & CULTURE
Ijele Masquerade: The “King Of Masquerades” In Igbo Land
Published
4 weeks agoon
December 21, 2024The Ijele Masquerade, often referred to as the “King of Masquerades,” holds a revered position in Igbo culture. It is not only the largest masquerade in Africa but also a symbol of unity, spirituality, and cultural identity among the Igbo people.
Its towering presence, vibrant artistry, and profound symbolism make it a centrepiece of Igbo traditions.
The Ijele Masquerade originated in southeastern Nigeria, particularly in Anambra and Enugu states. Oral traditions trace their roots to the Akwunechenyi dance group in Umueri.
It began as a celebratory and protective figure, initially created to intimidate invaders and celebrate royalty. Over time, it evolved into a cultural icon representing greatness and the Igbo people’s connection to their ancestors.
Standing between 12 and 15 feet tall, the Ijele Masquerade is a marvel of craftsmanship. It is constructed from bamboo, colourful fabrics, and intricate carvings.
Its structure is divided into two segments: the upper (Mkpu Ijele) and the lower part (Akpakwuru Ijele), separated by a symbolic python figure, Eke-Ogba.
This design signifies the balance between the spiritual and earthly realms. The preparation of the masquerade requires extensive collaboration, with over 100 men working for six months to complete its elaborate design.
Cultural and Spiritual Significance of Ijele Masquerade
The Ijele Masquerade embodies the collective spirit of the Igbo community. It is a representation of the ancestors’ guidance, protection, and blessings.
Traditionally performed during festivals, burials, and special ceremonies, the Ijele is believed to have spiritual powers, such as warding off evil spirits, promoting fertility, and bringing healing.
Its performance is both a spectacle of entertainment and a deeply spiritual ritual that connects the living to their heritage.
The Ijele Masquerade is a highlight of Igbo cultural festivals, often serving as the grand finale. Accompanied by music, drumming, and traditional dances, its performance captivates audiences with its grandeur and artistry.
These events also serve as a platform for preserving and promoting Igbo heritage, attracting tourists, and generating economic benefits for the community.
Challenges Facing Ijele Masquerade
Despite its cultural significance, the Ijele Masquerade faces challenges in the modern era. Urbanisation, globalisation, and declining interest among younger generations threaten its preservation.
The elaborate nature of its preparation also requires significant funding and resources, which are often scarce. Additionally, cultural appropriation by outsiders risks diluting its authenticity and significance.
Efforts to preserve the Ijele Masquerade have gained international recognition. In 2009, UNESCO listed it as an intangible cultural heritage in need of safeguarding.
This recognition highlights the importance of supporting local communities to maintain their traditions. Advocacy for funding, education, and tourism initiatives is vital to ensuring the continuity of this cultural treasure.
A Symbol of Igbo Identity
The Ijele Masquerade remains a powerful symbol of Igbo identity and resilience. It is a testament to the creativity, spirituality, and unity of the Igbo people.
As it continues to inspire pride and admiration, the Ijele Masquerade underscores the importance of preserving cultural heritage in a rapidly changing world.
By supporting initiatives that promote Ijele, individuals and organisations can help sustain this remarkable tradition for future generations.
Its legacy is not only a source of pride for the Igbo people but also a significant contribution to the global appreciation of cultural diversity.
For further details about the Ijele Masquerade, see sources like UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural Heritage listing and articles exploring its cultural significance.
Read more on culture here.
What is an anklet?
An anklet is a versatile piece of jewellery that women typically wear around their ankles. Crafted from materials like chains, beads, or a mix of both, anklet meanings vary across cultures and styles.
Many fashionable women choose anklets to make a bold style statement, embracing their elegance and charm.
In Nigeria, people often call this accessory a “leg chain” or “ankle chain,” reflecting its cultural relevance. In pop culture, it’s popularly known as an “ankle bracelet.”
Anklets here focus more on fashion than symbolism, though interpretations can differ. With various styles and intricate designs available, anklets offer countless aesthetic options, allowing women to showcase their personal flair.
Ultimately, anklet meanings can be deeply personal, influenced by tradition, culture, or simply individual taste.
Cultural and Historical Significance
Throughout history, anklets have held different meanings across various cultures. While some view them as mere adornments, others have associated them with deeper, sometimes controversial, connotations.
In some societies, ancient and modern, anklets symbolise promiscuity.
Early Usage in Ancient Civilisations
Egypt is often credited as the birthplace of anklets, but India played a significant role in their widespread acceptance. In India, anklets were part of traditional attire, known as pattilu, payal, or nupu.
These terms also include Paujinupur and padapadma. Early Indian literature, such as the first-century epic Silappatikaram, mentions anklets, highlighting their cultural importance.
Rajasthani women were known for their elaborate anklet designs, reflecting regional traditions.
Among the Odisha people, gold anklets were once reserved for warriors, while brides included them as part of their wedding regalia.
Married women often wore anklets to signify their marital status, and dancers used those with dangling bells to enhance their performances.
Similarly, in ancient Egypt, anklets indicated social status. Wealthy women wore gold anklets, while silver or leather versions were common among slaves and the poor.
These accessories, known as menefret or kholkai, reflected one’s place in the social hierarchy. Interestingly, some accounts suggest that anklets were linked to temple worshippers and even prostitutes, though these claims remain largely unverified.
Modern Evolution and Symbolism
Over time, the meaning of anklets has evolved significantly. In the 1970s, during America’s “sexual revolution,” anklets became symbols of female empowerment and liberation.
This era emphasised women’s freedom to express themselves, including their sexuality. Consequently, anklets began to carry connotations of promiscuity, especially within the “hotwife” culture.
The “Hotwife” Phenomenon
A “hotwife” refers to a married woman who engages in consensual extramarital relationships with her husband’s approval. Various anklet symbols reflect this dynamic:
- Two male symbols and one female symbol: Indicate openness to relationships with men of any race.
- Queen of spades: Represents a preference for Black men.
- Heart symbol: Suggests a happy marriage that includes mutually beneficial intimate relationships outside the primary partnership.
- The key to happiness: Denotes a marriage where the husband’s extramarital activities are contingent on his wife’s consent.
Anklets in Contemporary Nigerian Fashion
Today, many Nigerian women wear anklets purely for their aesthetic appeal, often unaware of the historical or cultural associations. For them, anklets are fashion accessories, not symbols of promiscuity or class distinction.
Despite lingering societal judgments, especially within conservative African contexts, it’s essential to recognize that fashion choices are personal.
Women should not face harsh criticism for wearing anklets, as these judgments stem from outdated or culturally irrelevant perspectives.
In conclusion…
Anklets are versatile fashion pieces that have transcended their historical roots. While some cultural connotations persist, modern women wear anklets to express their style and individuality.
It is crucial to separate fashion from judgement and allow women the freedom to make their own choices about their bodies and accessories.
Let’s appreciate anklets for what they are today: beautiful, empowering symbols of self-expression.
Read more articles here.
AFRICAN
The Only 4 African Countries That Have Won Miss Universe Title
Published
1 month agoon
December 7, 2024While many African countries have sent representatives to the pageant, only a few have managed to clinch the coveted Miss Universe crown.
The Miss Universe pageant is one of the most prestigious beauty pageants worldwide. It has been a stage for countless beautiful women to showcase their elegance, intelligence, and talent.
1. South Africa
South Africa is the African country with the most Miss Universe wins. This stunning nation has produced four Miss Universe winners:
- Margaret Gardiner (1978)
- Demi-Leigh Nel-Peters (2017)
- Zozibini Tunzi (2019)
- Andrea Meza (2020)
These South African beauties have not only captivated the world with their beauty but have also used their platforms to advocate for important social causes.
2. Namibia
Namibia, a small country in Southern Africa, has also made its mark on the Miss Universe stage.
- Michelle McLean won the Miss Universe title in 1992.
This stunning Namibian beauty brought pride to her nation and continues to be an inspiration to many.
3. Angola
Angola, a country rich in culture and natural beauty, has also produced a Miss Universe winner.
- Leila Lopes was crowned Miss Universe in 2011.
Her win marked a significant moment for Angola and showcased the beauty and talent of African women.
4. Botswana
Botswana, a landlocked country in Southern Africa, may be small, but it has produced one of the most iconic Miss Universe winners.
- Ntsepa Motsepe won the Miss Universe title in 1999.
Her win was a surprise to many, but it solidified Botswana’s place in the pageant world.
These four African countries – South Africa, Namibia, Angola, and Botswana – have proven that African beauty is truly global.
They have inspired countless young women across the continent and beyond to dream big and pursue their passions.
As the Miss Universe pageant continues to evolve, we can only hope to see more African countries adding their names to this prestigious list.
Check here for more articles.
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